The Principles of Passivhaus Explained in Simple Terms
Passivhaus design is one of the most effective ways to create homes that are comfortable, efficient and built to last. Yet for many homeowners, the concept can seem complicated or overly technical. In reality, the Passivhaus Standard is based on a few simple principles that work together to reduce energy use and create a healthier living environment.
This guide explains those principles in clear language and shows how Beattie applies them in real homes across the UK.
What is Passivhaus?
Passivhaus (also called Passive House) is an international building standard developed to reduce a building’s energy demand while maintaining exceptional comfort. It focuses on the fabric of the building itself rather than relying on add-on technology.
By combining intelligent design, quality construction and rigorous testing, a Passivhaus building maintains a stable indoor temperature throughout the year with very little energy input.
Learn more by reading What is Passivhaus?
The Five Key Principles of Passivhaus
Although every project is different, all certified Passivhaus buildings follow five fundamental principles. Together, these create the foundation for energy efficiency, comfort and durability.
- 1
Airtightness: A Passivhaus must be extremely airtight to prevent unwanted heat loss. Every joint, seam and junction is carefully sealed to stop draughts and ensure the building performs as designed. Airtightness is verified through testing during construction.
- 2Super Insulation: High levels of insulation in the walls, roof and floor keep the interior warm in winter and cool in summer. Unlike traditional buildings, the insulation forms a continuous layer around the structure to minimise heat loss.
- 3Thermal Bridge Free Construction: Thermal bridges are weak points where heat escapes, such as corners or window junctions. Passivhaus design eliminates these by using smart detailing and careful engineering so that the temperature across the building envelope stays even.
- 4High-performance windows and doors: Triple glazed windows and insulated doors play a vital role in a Passivhaus. They let in sunlight to provide free heat gain while preventing heat from escaping. Correct installation is just as important as the components themselves.
- 5
Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR): A Passivhaus uses a mechanical ventilation system that continually supplies fresh filtered air while recovering heat from the outgoing air. This maintains excellent air quality and helps balance indoor temperatures all year round.
Each of these elements supports the others, forming a complete and balanced system.
Why These Principles Matter
These five principles create homes that are not only energy efficient but also more comfortable and resilient. Passivhaus buildings have:
This makes them healthier for occupants and more sustainable for the environment.
Passivhaus vs Traditional Construction
Traditional construction focuses mainly on materials and appearance, often relying on heating or cooling systems to maintain comfort. Passivhaus starts with performance in mind.
By focusing on the building fabric and precision in design, a Passivhaus can reduce heating demand by up to 90 percent compared to a standard home. It is a smarter, long-term approach to construction that delivers both comfort and sustainability.
Learn more about how these principles translate into real results on our Build System page
How Beattie Applies Passivhaus Principles
At Beattie, we take each of these principles and apply them through a proven process that combines design expertise and precision engineering. Our team handles the entire journey from concept to completion, ensuring every detail meets the Passivhaus Standard.
Whether you are planning a new build or improving an existing property, we can guide you through every stage with practical, data-driven advice and the latest building technology.
Discover more about our Passivhaus Design services
Final Thoughts
The principles of Passivhaus may be simple, but their impact is powerful. When applied correctly, they create homes that are healthier, quieter and significantly more energy efficient.
At Beattie, we believe every project deserves this level of care and performance. Our Passivhaus consultant and Build System provide the expertise and structure needed to achieve it.
